As-built drawings are an integral part of the construction process. It compares the final structure with the original plan and tracks any changes. Now, suppose there exists a building with no proper as-built drawings or documentation. The building is supposed to undergo renovation or maintenance. Since As-built drawings are crucial for renovation and maintenance projects, the contractors have difficulty dealing with the process. This is where the Scan-to-BIM point cloud technology comes in.

What is "Point Cloud to BIM"?

Consider we have an existing building project and we need to make some amendments like renovation, repairing, refurbishment and retrofitting. In such a scenario, it is very necessary to have the minute details and exact representations of the building's present condition. Nowadays, A 3D laser scanning device is being used to scan the existing condition of the building. In this method, the entire building is scanned in the form of "Points" and all the points combine to form a "Point Cloud Scan." This phenomenon is called point cloud to BIM.  In order to create as-built drawings and models, this point cloud scan is usually imported into a 3D-modelling software.

The Point Cloud to BIM method can be used for site verification, design validation, quantity takeoff, or as additional evidence of built conditions as well as new construction and budget estimation. Point cloud to BIM (Building Information Modeling) is a process that involves the conversion of laser-scanned point cloud data into a digital BIM model. This transformation enables the integration of accurate as-built data into the design and construction phases of a building project. Point cloud to BIM has emerged as a powerful technique, revolutionizing the way existing structures are documented, analyzed, and renovated.

The process begins with the collection of point cloud data using laser scanning technology. Laser scanners emit laser beams that bounce back from surfaces, capturing millions of points in a three-dimensional space. These points form a dense cloud of data, representing the precise geometric details of the scanned environment. The resulting point cloud provides a highly accurate representation of the as-built conditions of a building, including its walls, floors, ceilings, structural elements, and architectural features.

To convert point cloud data into a BIM model, specialized software is used. The software processes the vast amount of point cloud data, utilizing algorithms to recognize patterns, edges, and surfaces. Through automated or manual methods, the software assigns these points to specific elements of the building, such as walls, columns, and beams, based on their spatial relationships and characteristics.

The next step involves modeling the identified elements in the BIM software. Using the point cloud data as a reference, BIM elements are created and accurately positioned within the virtual model. This process typically involves defining the geometry, dimensions, material properties, and other relevant attributes of each element. As the modeling progresses, the point cloud data acts as a valuable visual guide, ensuring the accuracy and alignment of the digital model with the physical reality.

One of the major benefits of point cloud to BIM is its ability to capture complex and irregular geometries that may be challenging to document through traditional methods. The detailed point cloud data allows for the creation of highly accurate and detailed BIM models, facilitating precise analysis, clash detection, and coordination with other project stakeholders.

Point cloud to BIM also enables effective renovation and retrofitting projects. By integrating the as-built conditions into the BIM model, architects, engineers, and contractors can accurately assess the impact of proposed changes and modifications. This facilitates better decision-making, reduces design conflicts, and improves overall project outcomes.

Furthermore, the generated BIM model can serve as a valuable asset for facilities management and maintenance activities. With the integration of point cloud data, the BIM model provides an accurate representation of the building's existing conditions. This aids in space management, asset tracking, and ongoing maintenance tasks, as well as facilitating future renovations or expansions.

4 steps to Create a Model from "Point Cloud to BIM"

Capturing the Information:

In this step, we gather as much project and field related information as possible. We establish the scope of work, level of detail, and timeline for the project. It is important to have a well-defined Scope of Work (SOW) because it defines everything that is included and excluded in a project.

Processing the Captured Data:

When the conditions of the building are captured, the next step is to process the as-built data. This is a very critical move, regardless of the quality of the survey results. A review should be performed on the fluidity of the data to inspect for possible interruption sources. The data must be analyzed by breaking it into datasets and always maintaining a copy prior to any manipulation.

Building Information Modeling (BIM):

Modelling is where the point cloud of the project becomes more or less refined in a digital platform. Let's assume that we are importing the data into Autodesk REVIT. For that purpose, first, you need to conduct the verification of the Point Cloud Search. Then you must find project information, and finally, you must use the Insertion into Revit function.

Quality Control & Quality assurance:

To ensure the quality of the model, a few procedures need to be followed. First, verify the model by rapidly traversing the model. The visibility and override options allow you to track elements as you develop. It is recommended to use a plan, section, or 3D view to make a detailed comparison. In case of conflicts between mechanical, electrical, and plumbing disciplines, use Autodesk's Navisworks as it is easy to navigate the 3D model.

Benefits of "Point Cloud to BIM"

·  Point cloud to BIM helps to create the "as-built models" for renovation and retrofit projects

·  It also helps create as-built models related to infrastructure assets such as Bridges, roads, and water supply systems.

·   It helps to create as-built models that enable early detection of Mechanical, Electrical and Plumbing (MEP's) system to take place for MEP managers to use it

·   It greatly increases the capacity of BIM model development in Revit by giving accurate point cloud (the ability to access accurate data)

·  It helps compare points inside the scan to find true measurements easily.

·  Point Cloud to BIM services helps establish collaboration between architects, Contractor and Design Engineers

Conclusion:

In conclusion, the Point cloud to BIM feature is one of the latest features used by the AEC (Architecture, Engineering, and Construction) industry to create as-built drawings or models of existing structures. This is done using a 3D laser scanner that scans the building and collects data in the form of points. The point cloud files are then processed and modelled using various techniques. This results in a 3D model of the building. The process ends with checking the model for any errors and clashes. point cloud to BIM is a powerful process that brings together laser-scanned point cloud data and digital BIM modeling. It enables the accurate representation of existing building conditions, improving the design, construction, and management of projects. By leveraging point cloud data, construction professionals can benefit from increased accuracy, enhanced visualization, clash detection, and improved decision-making throughout the project lifecycle. Point cloud to BIM has become an essential tool in the AEC industry, facilitating efficient and informed processes in building documentation and renovation projects.